Monday, May 19, 2008

PUNCTURE WOUNDS

These wounds are made by penetrating objects, such as nails, needles, splinters, and knives. These wounds may be deceptive, because bleeding is usually minimal and the opening at the point of entry is relatively small. But foreign objects, such as splinters, thorns, and needle points, may be broken off and concealed deep in subcutaneous tissue. Such wounds become infected quite easily. Puncture injuries over the joints are especially hazardous, since severely disabling joint infections can result if the joint space is entered.

Treatment for PUNCTURE WOUNDS

Minor injuries, such as small punctures from briars, require no more care than removal of the object and cleansing. Thorough cleansing and the removal of foreign matter is again, of paramount importance. But deep, penetrating wounds which contain dead tissue and debris are ideal for the development of secondary infec­tion and tetanus. If there is any doubt about the handling of these and any other wounds, medical attention should be sought.

FRICTION BLISTERS Treatment

Repeated or prolonged traction over the skin, perhaps from ill-­fitting shoes, wrinkled socks, or unaccustomed raking or shoveling, soon separates the superficial from the deeper levels of the skin. When the space thus created fills with fluid a blister has formed. Friction between the skin and adhesive tape is a prime cause of blisters in athletes. Depending on their location, even small blisters can disrupt the performance of an athlete.

Treatment for FRICTION BLISTERS

Blisters caused by friction from shoes or other equipment should be left intact and protected meticulously. The site can be protected with tape and cushioned with foam rubber or moleskin, as needed, while the roof of the blister keeps the deeper layers of skin from further friction and secondary infection. Medical ad­hesive tape or Zonas tape can be used. If necessary the blister can be punctured and drained, by cleansing the skin around the blister, and then puncturing the blister at its edge with a needle that has been sterilized with alcohol. The fluid can then be pressed out of the blister; if the blister is broken, any ragged edges should be trimmed away since they may irritate the raw wound.

Blisters that occur in areas less troublesome than the feet can be treated in similar fashion.

FRICTION BLISTERS Prevention Tips

Friction blisters are best avoided by wearing carefully fitted shoes and wrinkle-free socks. One must be especially careful when wearing new shoes or orthotics; long runs or hikes should not be attempted in shoes that are not well broken-in. Some runners feel they do better without socks, but most prefer one or sometimes two pairs. Thick ointments, such as petroleum jelly, can be applied liberally to sites of friction on the feet or elsewhere before long hikes or runs. If taping is necessary, it should be done carefully and re-done if it begins to irritate the skin; applying wax or oint­ment to the tape may decrease friction. The ointment should be applied liberally to the sock over the site as well.

Hot spots are red, warm, tender areas that indicate incipient blister formation. The application of an ice cube will minimize the likelihood of blistering; hot spots should then be protected with a layer of very thin, smooth tape or by soft padding to eliminate further friction.

How Do You Treat a Laceration?

Simply stated, a laceration is a cut or tear through the full thickness of the skin, for which a sharp object is often but not necessarily responsible. Lacerations may be clean incisions, as if made with a sharp blade, but they can also be irregular, exten­sively bruised, and contaminated with dirt and debris. Dirty lacerations are likely to become infected. Bleeding is more promi­nent from lacerations than from abrasions.

Treatment for Laceration

The first step in treatment, again, is cleansing; all foreign matter and dead tissue should be removed.

Excessive bleeding can usually be controlled by local pressure, for which the wound edges should be pushed together and com­pressed tightly against deeper tissues. Clean cloth is preferable, but fingers will do if nothing else is available; pressure should be sustained until bleeding is slowed or stopped altogether. Blood from the wound should not be dabbed repeatedly with the cloth as this can lead to significant blood loss, especially from the scalp. The elevation of bleeding extremities may be helpful. If an artery is severed, the fingers are used to compress the artery at a pressure point above the wound, with tourniquets used as a last resort.

Medical care should be sought for all but minor lacerations. Irri­gation with sterile solutions, suturing, tetanus prophylaxis, and sometimes antibiotics may be necessary. Superficial lacerations that are not gaping may require only taping or sterile dressings. If one is unsure about handling such wounds, he should consult a physician.

The role of prevention is not prominent, since lacerations are usually the result of accidental injuries.

Sunday, May 4, 2008

Alcoholism Treatment - AA’s Twelve Steps for Recovery

1. Admitting to oneself that he or she has a problem with alcohol which requires professional help

2. Firmly believing in a higher power which can help cure the condition

3. Decide to surrender everything to the power of God including our will.

4. Analyzing and assessing ourselves honestly

5. Admitting the results of our assessment to someone other than ourselves and to God.

6. Ready to allow God to work on removing our imperfections


7. Asking God to intervene and help us with our endeavour to become perfect.

8. Thinking of all the people we have hurt or harmed in some way or the other and trying our best to make up to them.


9. Directly approaching these people and making up with them.

10. Self assessment as a continuous process and making it a habit to admit our wrongs immediately.


11. Pray and consciously meditate in order to merge with the cosmic consciousness or God.

12. Once having attained an exalted spiritual feeling by following these steps, spread the message among others who need help and guidance.

Myths and Truth about Alcoholism

One myth is that beer does not produce as much intoxication in a person as other alcoholic beverages. Fact is that twelve ounce of beer produces as much of an intoxication as four ounce of wine.

The second myth states that switching between different alcoholic drinks makes a person more drunk. This is also false. Mixing drinks may sometimes lead to an upset stomach but does not have any effect on the intoxicated state of the person.

The third myth says that a person who is very high can be made sober by giving him a cold shower, a cup of hot coffee or taking him to the fresh air. Fact is that all this does not really help. Only time brings down the level of alcohol in the system of a person.

According to the fourth myth, if a person eats well before he starts drinking he will remain sober and will not get high. The fact remains that a person gets drunk depending on the amount of alcohol he consumes. The only thing that may happen is that he may take a little longer to get high but he definitely will.

Another myth states that alcohol affects everyone in the same manner and to the same extent. The fact remains that there are a lot of factors like metabolism, gender of a person; body chemistry of a person, weight of the person, etc has an effect on how the person reacts to alcohol in his system.

Campral for Alcoholism

Campral is basically acamprosat calcium. This medication has gained in popularity recently especially in the United States for treatment for alcoholism. In Europe this medicine has been in use for quite some time now.

What campral actually does is that it balances and replaces certain chemicals in the brain which had been disturbed due to alcohol abuse. This helps people keep away from alcohol as their brains start functioning normally. Campral is also very effective for treatment of withdrawal symptoms. It relieves drinkers from extreme discomfort and emotional upheaval during his or her withdrawal period.

Campral is a time release capsule which comes in a concentration of 333 mg. This medicine is prescribed to be taken thrice a day. People suffering from other ailments need to adjust their dosage after consulting their physician. Being a time release capsule, campral should only be swallowed whole and should not be broken or crushed at any cost.
Duration of medication is usually twelve months as this tablet is not addictive and its side effects are very mild. Side effects include dry mouth, headache, itching, loss of appetite, sweating, insomnia, diarrhoea, dizziness, etc.

Very rarely do people taking campral experience severe side effects like feeling nervous and anxious, feeling a tingling sensation in their arms and feet, feeling depressed and suicidal, urinating less often, experiencing pain in the chest, etc.

This medication should be taken by people who have given up the habit of drinking. It does not work for people who are drinking in the sly or continue to drink in public. If a person is suffering from any kind of a kidney disease, has suicidal tendencies, has an allergy to sulphites, is pregnant or breastfeeding, etc he or she should not take campral to treat the condition of alcoholism.

Campral is more effective when taken combined with other forms of treatments like therapies, counselling, etc. Like every other drug, campral is more successful and effective in some than in others.

Treating aAlcoholics with Antabuse

Treating alcoholics with antabuse was one of the first pharmaceutical treatments introduced. Taking antabuse during drinking creates unpleasant feelings and side effects. This negative reaction drives the person to give up the habit of drinking.

Alcohol when it enters the body is synthesized into acetaldehyde which is highly toxic. This acetaldehyde is further broken down into acetic acid which is comparatively milder and with no side effects.
The function of antabuse is to stop the acetaldehyde from further metabolising into acetic acid thereby creating an accumulation of this toxic substance in the body of the drinker. This creates a lot of unpleasant feelings and disturbances in the body thereby forcing the person to give up his drinking habit.

Symptoms produced by antabuse includes vomiting, sweating, severe throbbing and headaches, neck pain, difficulty in breathing, pain in the chest, flushed feeling, nausea, dyspnoea and palpitations. Other symptoms include uneasiness all the time, blurring in the vision, a confused feeling, hypotension, tachycardia, weakness, etc.

Apart from these milder symptoms a person may also experience heart failure, become unconscious, convulsions, depression in the respiratory system and sometime even collapse and death.

This makes it extremely important for the person who is going to be taking this drug to be aware of its implications and he must want to give up the habit of drinking. This drug must never be given to a person who is not aware of it. This may result in very serious complications.

If a person already has a defective heart, he should not be prescribed this medication. All aspects should be carefully considered before going in for this drug. Pregnant women should keep away from this drug.

Research shows that using this drug on a long term is quite effective. Practically speaking, the moment the drug is discontinued, the person goes back to the habit of drinking. This drug thus does not cure one of the symptoms of craving or any other withdrawal symptoms.

The person’s cooperation and regularity in taking the medicine is very essential for effective treatment of the condition. This drug must be continued on a long term basis for positive results.

The BAR Cycle and Alcoholism

An alcoholic who is ready to make an effort to quit drinking usually goes to one of the various treatment centres. At these centres, they receive effective therapies which include medications combined with group and individual psychological sessions.

The twelve step treatment of the Alcoholic Anonymous is also incorporated along with other treatment methods to achieve good and effective results. By doing this the self esteem of the drinker is effectively boosted up and he or she becomes more confident and strong in dealing with situations.

The BAR cycle is one of the most popular motivation programs which helps in controlling behaviour of humans, especially the behaviour of addicts. This cycle is also used by many centres in treating people who are addicted to alcohol.

This cycle involves working on the strong belief of the individual which is centred on self loathing to be converted to a strong belief on self confidence. Boosting of self image is done by various techniques like incorporating positive attitudes, eliminating the negative attitudes, consciously behave positively, talking to oneself effectively, etc.

Doing this improves the addict’s image of themselves thereby eliminating the need to depend on a drink in order to be happy and contented. The compulsion to drink slowly fades away leaving one clear in the mind and positive in his or her attitude and outlook.

The BAR cycle involves gently redirecting the person towards various other activities which creates a positive feeling and habits. Other work involves social activities or religious work which involves the church.

As the person spends days without having a drink and gets encouragement from everyone around regarding his voluntary work, he or she starts developing confidence and the self loathing is replaced by tremendous self confidence. Attitude transforms to being positive thereby strengthening the mind. This further makes it easier for the alcoholic to give up his habit.

For people who are seriously addicted to drinking, the BAR cycle is a must to remove negative feelings and be replaced with positive ones even as he or she goes on for professional treatment.

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Alcoholism

This therapy which is generally used in the treatment of phobias, anxiety, depression and other types of mental disorders is also found to be very effective in the treatment of alcoholism and drug abuse.

This therapy helps a person come out of the habit of drinking or drugs just like he or she got into it in the first place. This therapy uses similar mind conditioning which drove the person towards the habit to get them out of it.

Cognitive behaviour therapy is administered with the basic idea that the behaviour of a person is caused by his own mind and thoughts and not by anything which is outside himself like events, circumstances and people around.

A person can control the way he thinks about everything thereby not get affected by the changing circumstances and outside factors according to the cognitive behaviour therapists. By effectively treating a patient with this therapy, the person can be mentally prepared to deal with familiar situations and be strong enough to abstain from drinking.

Patients are thus taught how to forget what they have already conditioned to and learn healthier habits and skills.

Naltrexone for Alcoholism Treatment

Recently, the drug Naltrexone has been known to treat people who are afflicted with the condition of alcoholism. Along with traditional treatment if taken, this drug has known to assist the alcoholic in overcoming his condition.

This drug though should not be taken by the alcoholics themselves or given to them by their family members. It has to be prescribed by a physician. This drug though is not very difficult to find in pharmacies.

Naltrexone works on that part of the brain which is involved in getting the person addicted to drugs and toxins. This drug has to be taken for a period of seven to ten days. The difference is felt after three to four days when the need for consumption of alcohol reduces in the body. Within a week or two the person will find that he can survive very well without consuming his drink.

One important thing to be noted though is that the moment the drug is stopped; the person may out of habit reach out for his drink. Therefore, it is very important to bring about sufficient lifestyle changes in order to balance out the treatment.

It is therefore advisable for a person starting on his naltrexone drug to be under the care of an experienced physician or a counsellor during and after his treatment duration.

Treating Alcoholism with Ondansetron

All medicines that are prescribed to treat the condition of excessive drinking work on lowering the level of serotonin in the brain. Lowering the serotonin level is an effective first step in people afflicted with a severe condition of alcoholism.

Ondansetron is a drug which is found to be very useful in treating alcoholism. This drug was originally used to treat nausea and vomiting. This drug according to researchers is found to be effective in de addiction treatment for younger people.

After extensive experimentation, it was concluded that the drug ondansetron was very effective in treating the condition of alcoholism as the addicts who were put on ondansetron were able to bring down their intake to about one and a half drinks. The results were more effective and successful with the younger addicts.

Ondansetron effectively blocks serotonin which is a neurotransmitter which in turn effectively blocks other neurotransmitters like dopamine. By blocking these chemicals which cause a person to reach out for his or her drinks, addiction can be effectively treated.

On the basis of the assumption that alcoholism is a biological phenomenon and is a disease which has to be treated, a lot of research is underway to invent new drugs and medicines to treat this condition. It is hopefully not very far away for that breakthrough discovery which will cure alcoholism once and for all.

Drug Addiction Vs Alcoholism

A lot of people argue that alcoholism is different from drug addiction. But then, it is almost the same. Where the drug addict is addicted to drugs the drinker is addicted to alcohol. Both of them are addicted to harmful substances affecting their health and lives and the lives of those around them. The consequences and effects of both are almost the same.

Treatments for both these conditions are also pretty identical. Even though there may be a difference in the medications prescribed for both these treatments, the underlying philosophy followed to treat both these addictions are the same.

The only difference between these two is that they consider each other the worse affected of the two. While the drug addict may claim that alcoholism is worse than his habit, the drinker is convinced that alcohol is any day better than being addicted to drugs.

Little do they realize that the mental state and condition which has led both of them towards undesirable addiction and habit is identical. Even their behaviour towards their family, society and themselves influenced by their respective habits is identical.

All the conditions resulting from their dreadful habits are also the same. These include low or no self esteem, failure in all their relationships, lying and being dishonest without any reason, feeling guilty or shameful for their behaviour and yet not able to control their actions, resentment towards happy people and families, denial, etc.

Both these conditions can be treated effectively with the co operation of the afflicted person. There are various organizations and social service networks at work constantly encouraging alcoholics and drug addicts to take treatment and make a move towards improving the quality of their lives.

Treatment Options for Alcoholism

Alcoholism is more a disease of the mind. There is no medical treatment for this condition. However, alcoholism can be effectively treated with the help of various rehabilitation and support programs that are available. The only criterion to get treated for alcoholism is for the person affected to have a desire to come out of the habit. This is the first step towards freedom from the habit.

Social and family pressure can make an alcoholic give up drinking for a period of time, but it is generally not permanent. The alcoholic must thus decide to give up the habit voluntarily. Alcoholics who volunteer for treatment go through at least one set back before he completely gives up the habit of drinking.

The best thing an addicted person can do once he or she has decided to quit the habit is to join one of the many treatment centres. The strength and support that you will definitely need to quit the habit will be provided by these centres.

The path is very tedious but the goal is worth it. It is not very easy to come out of the habit which will let go of the alcoholic one minute and entice him the next. One minute the person will feel as if he or she is in complete control and the next minute denial will set in. The very feelings of guilt will lure them into going in for the drink.

Emotional upheaval will accompany physical craving and within no time the addict will be in a mess. The person looking to quit drinking therefore cannot do it on his or her own. They definitely need the strong support of one of these good de addiction clinics and treatment centres.

When the person under treatment is exposed to circumstances where he is offered a drink, he or she needs professional help to develop a mind strong enough to say no. There are a lot of professionals in all these centres who effectively guide the patients through situations like this helping them make the right decisions with a strong mind.

Various counselling session address such issues preparing the addict on how to effectively handle situations like this. Counselling can be individual, family or group related.

An addict can either admit himself in the clinic or receive treatment as an outpatient. Outpatient programs are helpful for people who have already undergone treatment and want the support of group therapies and counselling. It is very important for the addict to select a clinic or a program which is certified.

An alcoholic who is experiencing strong withdrawal symptoms needs to necessarily get himself admitted in the clinic as an inpatient. Initially drugs are administered to effectively deal with physical symptoms.

If the family of the addict is not supportive in his endeavour to give up drinking, it is a good idea to get himself admitted to the de addiction clinic and take the help of the counsellors and therapists there.

Alcohol treatment centres are a boon for alcoholics who are willing to make an effort to give up this undesirable habit. These centres also put the person on to various alcoholic anonymous groups nearby so the support and help can continue as long as he or she needs it.

Women and Alcohol

One of the major issues which affect most women is drinking. Did you know that women get affected by alcohol more than men even if consumed in a lesser quantity? In a woman’s body the body fat is much higher while there is less water compared to the body of a man where it is just the opposite.

So, even if a woman consumes alcohol which has been diluted considerably, the effect it has on her will be much stronger than when compared to men consuming the same diluted alcohol. That is why when a woman consumes alcohol she gets drunk much faster than most men who consume the same quantity.

Studies have proven that when a man and a woman of the same height and weight take the same amount of alcohol, the blood alcohol level in the woman’s body was much higher than that in the man’s body. As a matter of fact the blood alcohol level in a woman’s body rose to three times the level in a man’s body and also it took three times longer for a woman to have the alcohol content in her blood to be eliminated from her body.

In a human body it is the liver which works finally to break down the alcohol and eliminate it from the blood. While in a man’s body the liver works extra hard and takes about an hour to have one drink processed it takes much longer for the liver in a woman’s body to do the same job.

Women take to drinking for many reasons. This is because women have to deal with a whole lot of issues in their life at different periods. Stress, diet, exercise, hormonal problems especially when they are passing through the menopausal stage and coping with other health related issues like cancer etc is driving many women to consume alcohol. Also drinking behaviour among women differs according to their age, the marital status of the woman and their role in life.

Though it has been found that women who tend to drink actually consume less amount of alcohol than men, the number of women who are among the heaviest drinkers is much higher. Also it is the younger women of the age group 18-34 who have more drink related problems compared to older women but it is women who are aged between 35-49 who are more dependent on alcohol to a greater extent.

Women who are holding multiple roles like those married women who work, are less addicted to alcohol than women who do not have multiple roles to pay in life. In fact only when a woman looses a role to play in life that she is often found abusing alcohol.

This has been found in many cases where a woman has never got married or has been divorced or separated recently. These women were seen drinking heavily and have always ended up with alcohol related problems than women who have lost their husbands or those who are married.

It is important that women know how much to drink if at all that have to drink. It is a known fact that a woman should have only one drink per day while for a man it has to be restricted to two per day. This is called moderate drinking. If a woman has more than one drink per day than it can be risky and lead to car crashes, high blood pressure, stroke, violent behaviour, suicidal tendency and can cause even certain types of cancer.

A woman who is below 21 years of age should not be drinking at all. Women who intend to get pregnant or who are pregnant should avoid alcohol totally. Women who are under prescription medication for some illness should also avoid taking any alcohol as it can interfere with their medication and lead to other complications as far as their health is concerned.

Lower levels of alcohol are recommended for women because it is women who are at a greater risk than men when it comes to problems arising out of alcohol. This is because the alcohol which passes through the digestive system gets dispersed in the water which is present in the body. But the water content in the body of a woman is much less than that of a man who is of the same weight and height.

Since there is less water available the alcohol does not get diluted that easily and because of this the woman’s brain and other organs present in the body get more exposed to the toxicity of the alcohol and it’s by products.

Even if women take up to moderate drinking they should be aware that they are prone to have much short and medium term health effects which can be both positive and negative. Though drinking moderately has health benefits like prevention of heart disease.

Studies have found that a woman who is over 55 years and who drinks moderately has lesser chances of getting coronary heart disease. But drinking heavily has actually known to cause massive heart attacks.

The risks involved in drinking are alcohol can cause car crashes if the woman has too much to drink. This is because even after one drink the woman’s ability to drive gets impaired at a faster rate which causes car crashes. Alcohol when taken with medication can also increase or decrease the effects of the medication.

Alcohols when taken with medicines which tend to cause drowsiness have been known to increase the sedative effects of the medication and this could prove fatal to the woman who consumes it. Those women with a history of breast cancer in their family are at a higher risk to also get breast cancer if they take to drinking even if it is moderate drinking.

Research studies have proven that even one drink a day can lead to women contracting breast cancer. When a woman who is pregnant consumes alcohol even if it be one drink a day can cause what is known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. In this Fetal alcohol Syndrome the pregnant woman’s drinking can lead to birth defects in her unborn baby.

So it is wise that any woman who is thinking of becoming pregnant or is carrying a baby should be wise enough to stay away from anything which may have alcohol in it.

Drinking alcohol is also known to cause harm to the bones in a woman’s body as women will not be able to gain the much needed calcium which is so vital for the strength of their bones. When women drink heavily their bones get damaged permanently.

Many women claim that their sexual experience increase after the consume alcohol. But contrary to what these women claim studies have shown that it is the belief that alcohol improves sex that makes all the difference than the alcohol itself.

Women who drink heavily cannot get aroused that easily and it takes a lot longer for them to get aroused and have orgasms. But when young women drink heavily, these women tend to have early sexual experiences and are known to have multiple partners after drinking and also unprotected sex.

When a woman drinks heavily she is known to become a victim of violence and sexual assault. Also the health problems which a woman who drinks heavily experiences are much more.

Some of the health problems which may result due to heavy drinking by women are Alcoholic Liver disease, brain disease, Cancer, and Heart Disease. More women who drink heavily are known to die from cirrhosis because of the development of alcoholic hepatitis which is liver inflammation.

Abuse of alcohol is known to cause loss in brain function, reducing the size of the brain, causing changes in the development and function of brain cells. And it is women who are found to be more vulnerable to diseases of the brain more than men due to alcohol.

Many studies and research have shown that alcohol consumption on a regular basis can cause breast cancer and cancer which is related to the digestive tract, head and neck. This becomes much more when women who drink also smoke. Heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases are likely to affect women who drink heavily.

Women should realize what drinking could do to their lives and thus stay away from alcohol as far as possible. Any woman who drinks more or rather heavily will find that her problems at home, work, with friends and relatives and even with strangers get magnified.

This is because when under the influence of alcohol the woman would be more prone to have arguments with spouse or family members even on small issues, the relations between co workers at her office would become strained.

After a night of drinking she would turn up late for work which could later turn into a regular habit and result in her dismissal. She could also become a victim to violence and sexual assault because of her drinking habits.

Women who are above 55 years of age should be wary of their drinking habits if they have any. Many older women do not drink because of the fear of being labelled an alcoholic.

Women as they age also begin to use different types of medication for their various problems and drinking alcohol could react with their medication and this could lead to more severe health problems. Many older women take medication which can affect mood and thought like when they exhibit symptoms for anxiety and depression.

Alcohol when consumed with these medications can lead to serious problems and can be very harmful. Another factor that older women should take into consideration when they take a drink is their age.

Older people tend to reach higher levels of alcohol in their blood much faster than younger people and this is because as we age the amount of water in the body gets reduced to a greater level and the alcohol which is consumed gets more concentrated.

This is why when older people consume alcohol they will feel the effects much faster. Older people with long term drinking problems tend to react to treatment much slower than people who are short term drinkers.

What do you think are the reasons as to why women take to drinking? Well here are a few reasons which research studies have found. A woman tends to drink heavily if her parents or siblings are also heavy drinkers and have problems with alcohol.

If the spouse or partner of the woman tends to drink heavily than she would also resort to drinking. If she has a history of depression she would be found to be a regular at a bar or pub. If she had been physically or sexually abused as a child then also she would resort to drinking to forget all that has happened to her.

Any woman who has alcohol related problems should seek medical help immediately as it could affect your personal relationships with family, at your work place, cause health problems and also with the law. Depending on the severity of the drinking problem a woman should undergo treatment.

Most women who are not alcohol dependent or who do not have any problems arising out of alcohol will find that they can reduce or stop their alcohol consumption much easily with less help.

Women who have severe drinking problems or who are habitual drinkers should make regular visits to their physicians or doctors and seek help. They should discuss their problems with their doctors and take timely help.

There are many health care providers who would make the woman see what alcohol can do to their lives and all the bad effects it can cause in the long run and why it is safer to stay away from it. These health care advisors would give ample advice so that women who are even moderate drinkers would slowly stop their drinking

Adult Children of Alcoholics - ACOAs

Adult children of alcoholics or the ACOAs often face most of the problems faced by the children and more. ACOAs normally do not realize the root cause for the various physiological, psychological and social problems that they are facing.

ACOAs are often afflicted with various kinds of mental disturbances. They tend to be more aggressive than necessary even in unwarranted situations. They also tend to be impulsive in their actions and decisions. Adult children of alcoholics are prone to mental depressions and are generally unstable in their behaviour.

ACOAs may go in for abuse of a different kind of psychoactive substances. They are unable to handle relationship of any kind and usually tend to shy away from forming a healthy relationship with anyone. They fail miserably in their lives and careers making wrong decisions and choices at every stage in their lives misguided by their parents.

The feeling of failure makes them feel low in self esteem. Adult children of alcoholics often are irresponsible towards their family. They follow the example of their alcoholic parent who themselves have been irresponsible towards their family and children.

ACOAs shy away from people in general and therefore have a lot of problems with their spouses. They generally try to avoid getting intimate as they are unable to trust anyone due to their past experiences. This is due to the fear factor that if they get close to someone they may get hurt just as their parents have hurt them throughout.

Studies in fact show that ACOAs tend to get intimate with people who are alcoholics or who are abusers. This way they are sure and on familiar grounds. They know how to deal with them as they are experienced.

Adult children of alcoholics tend to get into the habit of drinking more than adults who are not from families suffering from alcohol abuse. Genes thus play a major role in the development of the condition of alcoholism.

Adult children of alcoholics are not mentally equipped to deal with stressful situations effectively. Adults from such families tend to be unhealthy and visit their physicians more frequently as compared to people who have grown up in normal families.

Women who have been brought up in families with alcoholics usually have problems with their reproductive systems. They tend to visit gynaecologists more often than the women from normal families.

The spouse of the alcoholic is usually the person who suffers the most. They suffer from a feeling of hatred towards themselves and towards others which results from jealousy, self pity, etc. They also tend to get tired of their lives and start avoiding social contacts. They usually cannot tolerate other families which are very happy and openly start showing contempt and jealousy.

The family burden is more on them as they have to take on the responsibilities of both parents. They tend to be irritated all the time due to this and show their irritation on the alcoholic spouse and on the children. This creates a lot of stress and strain on their relationship with all the members of their family.

Financial problems faced by them are another factor which results from a huge chunk of the earning spent on alcohol. Families of alcoholics have to sacrifice on a lot of privileges and sometimes even basic necessities and this result in further stress. A lot of divorce cases are a result of the influence of alcoholism.

Children of Alcoholics – COA

Children who are normal by birth with alcoholic parents also tend to go through problems of other kind. Very noticeable symptoms in these children include low self esteem, a helpless feeling, lack of confidence, feeling of guilt and loneliness, panic resulting from a fear of abandonment, mental depression, etc.

Children of alcoholics or the COAs are generally not very happy and vibrant like the other children. They constantly go through a complex whereby they feel whatever is happening is because of them. They face this feeling of guilt that the member in their family be it their mother or father is drinking because of something he did wrong.

These children go through unimaginable tension and lead a stress filled life. They may even exhibit symptoms of frequently crying without any reason, wetting their beds, and having nightmares.

These children tend to avoid company as much as possible and consequently try all the time to avoid going to school. They dread interacting with other children. Older children exhibit symptoms of being a perfectionist, being obsessed with hoarding money, being very self conscious and avoiding company of any kind.

This is because they are very conscious of their selves as they feel they are somehow different from normal people due to their situation at home. Their behavior sometimes even starts resembling their alcoholic member at home. Teenagers especially go through a very tough life. They develop various kinds of phobias and face torture throughout their lives.

School life is miserable for these children of alcoholics. They generally do not get to concentrate on their studies at home due to the tension filled atmosphere there. Due to their laid back attitude, these children do not get along very well or establish any kind of a relationship with their teachers and other children studying with them.

Children of alcoholics do not have the self confidence at any stage to express anything that they feel. Even if they lag behind in studies they do not have the confidence in approaching their teachers or other students for any kind of academic help. Hence they most often than not, fail in their studies and repeat years. Some of them even reach the stage where they are either sent out of school or drop out on their own.

One of the major problems faced by the COAs at home is the unpredictability of moods of their alcoholic parents. If both parents are alcoholics, then the children face a miserable and tension filled life, especially if they are alone and do not have a brother or a sister to fall back on.

These children do not know what to expect from the alcoholic parent and are always on the edge. Their behavior also becomes unstable and they start showing their insecurity by attracting attention to themselves.

They do this by getting into undesirable habits like stealing, playing traunt and fighting frequently with others. Because of the unpredictable nature of the moods of their parents, these children are unable to understand how they themselves are to behave in different circumstances.

Surveys have shown that almost thirty percent of women from unstable family environments have been drop outs at school and around twenty percent of the men from such families have dropped out of colleges.

COAs try to please their alcoholic parent by trying to get good grades in school, by trying to act in such a way that will make the parent happy always, etc. They do all this to avoid being a target of temper tantrums. They also tiptoe around the house in order not to wake up the parent who is sleeping under the influence of alcohol. These children are always going around with a feeling of guilt that the root cause of all the problems is themselves.

They are thus convinced that the parent is drinking so much only because he or she is not able to please them in some way. They also feel guilty for the fact that they are not able to help the alcoholic parent in giving up the habit.

These are the unhappy households which are breeding grounds for crimes like incest, domestic violence, etc and conditions like manic depressions, suicides, etc. Almost seventy five percent of the father daughter incest cases are due to the alcoholic tendencies of the parent.

These children who are victims of incest and molestation carry their guilt throughout their lives and for them consuming alcohol themselves become their only way of escape from their feelings. Such children normally end up as alcoholics. Children of alcoholics have to be necessarily given counseling and treated early in their lives if they are to be saved from a miserable existence throughout their lives.

Alcohol and Adolescents

These days you will find that many young people who are right in their early teens have taken up to drinking alcohol and for some it may be due to keeping company with peers for others it has become a serious drinking problem.

Many adolescents are quite unaware of the risks involved in consuming alcohol and this is the main reason why many have become vulnerable to this drinking habit. it is believed that the adolescent brain is very plastic in nature and this is a main factor which helps in neuromaturation which is one of the main reasons why many adolescents are addicted to alcohol.

When adolescents consume too much of alcohol especially in their growing years when the brain is developing leads to brain damage.

When an adolescent or teenager drinks he or she begins to show a marked difference in the way they behave. This change in their behavioural pattern leads to plenty of problems where they begin to take up risks which involve them to do things which may end up causing not only hurt to themselves but also to others.

Take for instance you will find that there are many adolescents especially boys who after a bout of heavy drinking tend to challenge each other to perform dare devil stunts like driving a car at high speed or to car races with each other.

Driving under the influence of alcohol itself can be very dangerous even for adults and for adolescents it is a very serious matter s it can cost them their lives what to talk of the lives of others when they meet with accidents.

When adolescents take to drink especially like binge drinking it has been found that their brains tend to become more vulnerable to becoming destroyed than when an adult does binge drinking.

This is due to the structure of the brain which is still in the developing stages. That’s why an adolescent who has taken to drinking on a regular basis would be prone to having a brain which has had excessive damage because of this drinking.

An adolescent who has been consuming alcohol on a regular basis or who has become a habitual drinker will suffer from a disorder known as Alcohol Use Disorder or AUD. When an adolescent suffers from this disorder he or she will exhibit many symptoms like reduced memory, they would have trouble when it comes to solving problems, their visual skills will decrease and their speech also becomes incoherent and slurred.

This is also because as they begin to consume drink after drink the damage to the neurons also increases and this is because the brain is unable to cope with damage which the alcohol is causing.

Adolescents do not realise the effects that alcohol can have on the development of their brain and what consuming too much of alcohol can do to the growth of their brains over a period of time. If this drinking disorder is not tackled at the appropriate time then it could lead to serious implications in later life as they turn into adults. It is important that such AUD’s are recognised in adolescents as early as possible and the necessary steps are taken to bring them out of this problem.

Alcohol has been found to the main cause of learning and memory impairments in adolescents. Studies have found that as the amount of alcohol consumption increase the impairment to the brain also increases.

Alcohol has been found to interfere with retaining new memories than the recollection of old ones. Like for instance when an adolescent takes to drinking heavily, he or she would find that they would not be able to learn the name of a person who has just been introduced to them and after a continuous round of drinks they will find that they would have totally even forgotten that the person was introduced to them in the first place leave alone remembering their name.

Many adolescents after having continuous rounds of drinks have known to have blackouts where they face the eventuality of having forgotten the entire events that have taken place while they were drinking.

Many adolescents take to anti social behaviour because of their excessive drinking. This has been found from many studies among adolescents who have been drinking heavily and who have indulged in anti social activities. Drinking among adolescents can lead them to disorders like antisocial personality disorders.

When adolescents are faced with this type of disorder they exhibit a number of signs like they would resort to telling lies on a regular basis to cover up for what they are doing. They would run into problems with the law like rash driving or causing an accident under the influence of alcohol.

Other characteristics which adolescents would exhibit due to their persistent drinking habits would be their aggressive and often violent behaviour which would often lead them to having fights with others for even small reasons. They could also go into depressions or mood changes when they would always exhibit a feeling of being agitated all the time.

They would not care for the feelings of others and would certainly not exhibit any signs of repentance. They would also not be able to make friends that easily and certainly would not be able to keep their friends for long too.

Research studies have found that anti social behaviour due to consumption of alcohol has been known among adolescents of the age group of 19 to 20 years. Along with alcohol, most adolescents also consume drugs and in the United States of America it has been found that the number of junior high school and senior high school students who consume alcohol due it regularly on a monthly basis and adolescents are known to drink at least more than five drinks at a stretch.

Drinking more than 2 drinks continuously is called binge drinking ad this is very much prevalent among most students in the United States and elsewhere in the world. There are many dangerous side effects that all adolescents will face due to consumption of alcohol especially as a result of binge drinking.

Binge drinking makes adolescents lose their ability to pay attention while they engaged in an activity after a couple of drinks. It is common to find that there are many adolescents who take to driving vehicles at high speeds and losing control over their vehicles which leads to car crashes and gruesome deaths. Research has shown that the rate of death among adolescents who have been involved in car crashes is much higher.

Binging on alcohol also causes many adolescents to go into deep depression and this coupled with stress lead to many deaths at an early age. Studies among adolescents have found that those attempting suicide have been those who were on hooked binge drinking.

It has been found that parties which encouraged binge drinking among adolescents were places where many young females faced sexual assaults and were raped by male adolescents under the influence of alcohol. Also after a couple of drinks many young adolescents were found to indulge in sexual activities and the sex was always of high risk category which resulted in unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases like Aids.

To find out if your adolescent is a binge drinker or is abusing alcohol it is advisable to look out for clear symptoms which include telling lies, becoming abusive both verbally and physically towards other people, smell of alcohol on their person and breath, mood swings, going into depressions, changing their friends circle etc. if any of these symptoms are found in any adolescent by a parent it is better that the parent seeks medical help at once.

Some cases many adolescents die due to excessive drinking and this is known as alcohol poisoning. This happens when they resort to drinking an excessive amount of alcohol within a short time. What happens in alcohol poisoning is that the alcohol consumed causes the functions of the various organs in the body to slow down.

When the bodily functions slow down it leads to choking, stoppage of breathing and heart failure resulting in death. These adolescents who fall prey to alcohol poisoning should be immediately taken to hospital at the earliest. At the hospital doctors would give them emergency treatment like oxygen and fluids etc.

It is parents who should look out for symptoms in their teenagers when they take to drinking, smoking, and experimenting with drugs, sex etc. Most parents when they face such problems are at a loss as to what they should do to help their teenagers come out such problems.

Parents are unable to digest the fact that their children who have now stepped into adolescence have begun to indulge in binge drinking, drugs smoking etc. Because of this many parents refuse to accept the problems engulfing their children and turn a blind eye to them which actually is detrimental to the adolescents themselves.

Parents should begin to take responsibility and do all that is possible to help their adolescents to overcome this habit of binge drinking. There are many reasons why most adolescents take to alcohol and drugs. Most of the teenagers try it out as an experiment only to fall prey to the bad habits as they try to into peer groups.

Many adolescents are of the opinion that it is only drugs and alcohol which is the sure success to be socially acceptable without realising the repercussions that alcohol and drugs can have on their lives later in life as they turn into adults.

There are still other children who in order to escape the problems in family life and the stress they are put into to perform well in their academic life that makes them take to drinking alcohol, initially in small amounts which later leads them into binge drinking.

As responsible parents who want to see their adolescents grow up into responsible adults the first thing parents should do is to make sure that their children are imbibed with good values as they grow up. Adolescents have to be taught to be self confident and to trust their own judgment and to stand up for their right behaviour which will go a long way to help them stand up to peer pressure when it comes to drinking and smoking. Children as they grow up into young adults should be taught that they should not be afraid to say No when it is needed.

It is the responsibility of parents to make sure that they themselves do not drink or smoke heavily in front of their children and certainly not encourage their children to take sips of alcohol. Parents should feel free to broach the subject of alcohol and drugs with their teenagers or if they find that their adolescents are prone to binge drinking to immediately seek professional help.

Most of the adolescents will have the “I know it all “attitude and they would resist any advice and help from parents. Professionals who have been dealing with adolescents who have such problems will be better able to handle the situation and that is why it is important to seek professional help as soon as the problem of drinking or smoking is detected in an adolescent.

Parents should follow the same rules which they set for their children. If adolescents are banned from drinking or smoking it is also right that parents should also avoid these themselves. Studies have shown that when parents take to alcohol, their children will also drink themselves.

Parents as responsible adults should build healthy relationships with their adolescents and should never support teen drinking. Parents can join community support programs and school programs where adolescents are discouraged from drinking alcohol. Make sure that alcohol is not made available to these adolescents when they party.

Get to know who their friends are on a regular basis. If your adolescent has recently changed his or her set of friends then it is time you did look into their activities. Many adolescents who take up drinking alcohol are known to change their friends circle.

Another way that parents can resort to, to help their adolescents to keep away from alcohol is to encourage them to take up activities which are challenging and fun to keep their interests kindled.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Studies have shown that if the parents have a drinking problem, it can even have an impact on the development of the fetus. This is because of the fact that alcohol which is consumed reaches all the organs and tissues of the mother’s body which includes the placenta.

Alcohol from the placenta enters the fetus through the membrane. Such babies are born with a condition called FAS or the fetal alcohol syndrome. This can result in the babies being defective or deformed by birth. Statistics show an alarming number of babies being born with FAS in the United States each year.

Children who are born with FAS suffer throughout their lives for no fault of theirs. They are generally underweight and much shorter than normal children. Some of them are mentally retarded as their skull and brain is deformed. Since the alcohol affects the central nervous system of these babies, some of them also have a groove in their upper lip centre which is very long.

Their facial features also characteristically differ from other normal children. Children afflicted by FAS generally have upper lips which are thin, face which is flat, groove on their upper lip, eye openings which are narrower, etc.

Psychological problems associated with these children involve inability to concentrate on their studies, shorter span of attention, lack of sufficient judgment, memory problems, problems with solving and a whole lot of other problems associated with behavior.

Children afflicted with FAS generally lack social skills too. They tend to get easily frustrated thereby throwing temper tantrums very often. They exhibit symptoms of being over active and are not able to sit in a place.

They are impulsive by nature and their actions are not very coordinated. Some of them also exhibit symptoms of speech and hearing impairment. One sad thing about this is this condition is not treatable.

If the parent is irresponsible enough to give their child the FAS, then the child is stuck with an irreversible condition throughout his or her life. The effect is thus permanent and cannot be treated or altered. A lot of children lead a retarded life due to the irresponsible behavior of their parents.

Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cancer

Alcohol consumption in excess is one of the major causes of cancer. Cancer kills almost around five hundred thousand Americans every year. It is the next highest killer after heart diseases.

The most common cancers afflicting people is the breast, lung and bowel cancer. There is enough evidence to prove that alcohol consumption is one of the major causes for being afflicted with cancer. An astounding two to four percent of cancer cases are due to alcohol consumption.

Cancer due to excessive consumption of alcohol occurs mainly in the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus. Alcohol is also associated with liver and colorectal cancer. As we know, cancer is nothing but the affected cells of the body growing without any control. These cells get formed into masses and infiltrate the normal tissues and cells of the body destroying them.

There is a regulation followed by the body as per its nature whereby the cells grow and multiply within the specified framework of the tissues in the body. When the cancer cells start growing and acting independently, problem starts. These cells do not restrict their growth with the boundaries of the tissues.

Carcinogen is the substance which promotes the initiation and promotion of the deadly disease of cancer. Carcinogen plays an important role in aiding the spread of cancer in the initial stages.

The disease of cancer first manifests itself when the DNA of the cells get distorted irreversibly. This results in the triggering of the cell to divide. The cells also start reproducing independently and indefinitely.

Cells start mutating and multiplying at a fast rate and is aided by carcinogen. As the disease progresses, the mutating and multiplying cells form huge masses or tumors and start spreading from the initial site to other parts of the body.

Studies have clearly shown a link between the consumption of alcohol and certain types of cancer. As a person drinks more, he is at a greater risk for certain types of cancer. Research has also shown that alcohol in excess triggers certain mechanisms which lead to the development and spreading of certain types of cancer.

Cancer due to alcohol consumption affects mostly the digestive system. This includes the mouth, the larynx, the pharynx, esophagus, etc. there are also certain evidences which show that alcohol consumption can cause cancer of breast, colon and liver.

Tremors Due to Alcoholism

Tremors, even though not life threatening is a condition which acts as a depressant for the person suffering from it. The person who is suffering from this cannot hold a glass steadily, as his hands keeps shaking due to these tremors. This largely impacts his confidence level making his mind weak and unsteady.

As his or her movements are not coordinated, the movements become shaky and involuntary, as in epilepsy, myoclonus, tic, twitch, dyskinesia, chorea, etc. No matter how much the person tries, he or she is unable to stop the tremors which are noticeable more in the hands.

Tremors may occur persistently or at intervals, i.e. it can be regular or irregular and is not consistent in its occurrence. Tremors may also afflict any part of the body like the neck, head, trunk, legs, tongue, hands, etc. It is more pronounced though in the hands as it is not supported like the other parts of the body. Hand is also used for finer movements.

When the tremor occurs, the person usually experiences rigidity or tightness of muscles or flaccidity. When a person suffering from this condition faces a situation which is very tense or unfamiliar to him or her the tremors increase. For example attending an examination or interview, lying to someone, signing documents of importance, etc are situations where the person become tense and the tremors in his body increases drastically.

On experiencing these tremors, the person goes through a feeling of embarrassment due to the fear factor on anticipation of failure of execution of the task. Consequently, they start avoiding such situations and become partially and functionally disabled to that particular action.

Toxic tremors are tremors which are induced by consumption of alcohol in excess. These tremors can even occur due to drug or alcohol withdrawal.

Some Positive Effects of Moderate Drinking

According to recent studies, researchers have found that moderate drinking actually makes sure a person does not develop gall bladder stones. Research has also shown that drinking moderately can make sure the person is at a lower risk of developing stones in his or her kidney.

Diabetes is another area where moderate drinking is found to have a positive impact. This is because of the fact that alcohol in the system increases the sensitivity of insulin. All these are in the preliminary stages of research and have not been conclusively proven yet.

Rheumatoid arthritis is another condition which has a positive impact from moderate alcohol consumption. This is because of the fact that alcohol is found to increase the bone mineral density in both men and women especially women who are undergoing menopause.

Alzheimer’s Disease Among Alcoholics

There are a lot of similarities between Alzheimer’s disease and alcoholic dementia. Alzheimer’s disease or AD is a disorder associated with the brain which is degenerative in nature. Characteristics of this disease include memory loss, significant changes in cognitive abilities and a reduction in the life span.

AD is more prevalent among the older people. Millions of people are afflicted with this condition all over the world. Alcohol is one of the factors which aid in the development and progression of this disease. A lot of research and studies are being made to find out ways and means of effectively preventing Alzheimer’s disease. As of now there is no significant treatment method or cure available for this disease.

Consumption of alcohol excessively over a long period of time is found to be one initiating and aiding the progression of this deadly disease. As we have seen earlier, alcoholism leads to cognitive problems like dementia, certain disorders of the brain and changes in the chemistry of the brain, etc. As these symptoms are also part of the Alzheimer’s disease, alcohol is suspected to aid in the development of this disease.

The biggest hurdle in the analysis and study of the possible effects of alcohol in Alzheimer’s disease is the similarities of the symptoms between alcoholic dementia and AD. But research in this field is going on extensively because if found to be one of the causes, alcoholism is a preventable factor and knowing about the effects of alcoholism on the progression of AD may also give us an idea of the possible causes of AD.

Heavy consumption of alcohol results in the shrinking of brain tissues thereby resulting in neurological changes which are degenerative in nature and a reduction in cognitive ability especially with aging. One important positive factor could be that in contrast to AD related to aging, AD due to alcoholism could be reversible.

Keeping away from alcohol for a considerable time has shown a marked decrease in atrophy diseases. Research has also proven that there was no difference in the number of neurons or the brain cells between alcoholics and control subjects who were matched to that age. Loss was mainly in the white matter of the brain which consists of the fibres of the nerve connecting the neurons.

As the number of neurons remains the same, researchers conclude that the condition can be reversed by keeping away from alcohol whereby there is possible re establishment of the connection between the neurons. Studies have shown that certain brain cells which support the neurons are damaged due to excessive alcoholism which can be restored easily.

Dementia and alcoholism

Dementia is a condition which results in problems associated with learning, cognition and memory. Consumption of alcohol in excess affects the cells of the brain resulting in poor judgement and ‘lack of co ordination of physical actions.

Consumption of alcohol over a long period of time also causes certain problems with nutrition which in turn results in brain damage. This happens as the brain experiences deficiencies of certain vitamins.

A person afflicted with dementia will not be able to learn new thing easily even though the other mental faculties are alright. This may also result in certain changes in the person’s personality. Obvious symptoms of this condition include feeling confused most of the times along with other memory related problems.

A person suffering from this condition normally remembers things that have happened long ago very clearly but is not able to remember things which have happened a few minutes ago. Another symptom is that the person afflicted by dementia keeps repeating the same questions not remembering that he or she has already asked this question before and it has been answered.

Even during a conversation, the person suffering from dementia keeps repeating the same thing over and over again using the same expressions and words. Apart from doing this the person may be perfectly normal otherwise in matters like planning, being witty, playing games like chess, cards, etc.

Another variation of the alcoholic dementia is the Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome. This condition may occur along with the normal dementia or may occur independently.

The Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome damages more than one nerve in the central nervous system which includes the spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system and the brain. This disease exhibits symptoms found in alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol consumed over a long period of time causes some nutritional problems in a person. These problems include vitamin B-1deficiency.

The symptoms accompanying the Korsakoff syndrome also known as Korsakoff psychosis include loss of memory, loss of intellect or cognitive skills resulting in difficulty in solving problems and learning, etc.

One symptom which is quite scary is the way the person who is afflicted by this disease makes up convincing and detailed stories about their experiences. They do this in order to cover up memory gaps which result from damage of parts of the brain.

There are certain changes in personality which point out towards the developing dementia in a person. An alcoholic may exhibit gradual symptoms like frustration, irritability, anger, instability in their moods, emotional instability, jealousy, paranoia, suspicion, less emotional responses, dropping of inhibitions, fear of loneliness, insensitivity towards others, etc.

These people also are not able to perform tasks which are quite familiar, not able to connect to people, not able to take instant decisions, not have the confidence to start or complete anything on their own, etc.

A person afflicted with Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome also find it difficult to be fluent with words, and consequently are not able to follow conversations clearly. They tend to keep repeating what they say and also repeating questions.

These people experience a lost sense of timing, they wander away aimlessly and get lost even in areas which are familiar to them and do not recognize acquaintances and friends. They also start neglecting their health or even their work and property.

Alcohol and Peptic Ulcer

Consumption of alcohol results in the increase of stomach acid production. This in turn results in irritation of the stomach and increase in ulcer symptoms. When alcohol is consumed, the LES or the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes causing the stomach contents to flow back to the esophageal tube.

While it is better to avoid taking alcohol for a person suffering from ulcer, you can still have that occasional moderate drink without suffering from ulcer by following a few tips. The alcoholic drink can be diluted with water or soda to reduce the concentration. Restricting the number of drinks to one or two a day helps in avoiding peptic ulcers.

White wine can be had instead of the red wine as this has lesser toxic content. Having drinks which are non alcoholic is the best thing to do. Upon identifying the brand of drink which creates the most problem with the stomach, it is better to keep away from that particular brand.

Alcohol Abuse and Nervous System

Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence has a direct effect on the central nervous system. It acts as a depressant and affects the nervous system as acute intoxication, symptoms of withdrawal and even damage to the nervous system in extreme cases.

A person who is intoxicated with alcohol has a flushed face, smells strongly of liquor, sweats excessively, exhibits symptoms of nausea and vomiting, etc. Apart from all this, he exhibits uneven gait while walking and sometimes even falls down. This is because of the slowing down of the motor nerve functions. The person also becomes disoriented and confused and may sometimes even black out.

A disorder of the nerves arising due to excessive drinking is called alcoholic neuropathy. This is a result of the reduction of the functions of the nerves due to the action of toxins present in the alcohol.

A person afflicted with alcoholic neuropathy feels less or no sensation in certain parts of the body and feels a tingling sensation in the hands and feet. The muscles become frail and the ankles therefore become weak. Alcoholic neuropathy also produces symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, frequent urination and impotence. In extreme or severe cases, the nervous system which is responsible for autonomous functions or involuntary functions like heart beat, is damaged beyond repair.

Alcoholic neuropathy can be diagnosed by performing a neurological examination which is actually nothing but a few physical examinations which are not painful. This examination evaluates the functions of the nerves including the autonomic nervous system, reaction of senses and strength of the muscles.

Another way to diagnose this condition is the through the electromyography. With this test, the electrical activity in the patient’s muscular system is evaluated. This test checks for whether the impulses are passed on back and forth between the muscles and the nerves properly. This test finds out effectively whether the condition is due to weak muscles or diseased nerves.

Another test is the nerve condition velocity test. This test evaluates how fast the impulses are transmitted in the nerves. This test is conducted simultaneously along with the electromyography test. In order to find out the extent of disorder biopsy is performed on the nerves, muscles and tissues.

Alcoholic neuropathy can be treated only by providing treatment for alcoholism. Keeping away from drinks is a good idea for treating this condition. Physiotherapy is generally administered to alleviate the pain in the muscles and joints. In case of extreme numbness, doctors may also prescribe some drugs. Above all, a balanced and healthy diet works wonders in treating alcoholic neuropathy.

Is Alcoholism a Disease?

Although alcoholism does not have the symptoms of a normal disease, it can be called a mental or a psychological disorder. It all starts with getting obsessed with the idea of drinking. The mental obsession which drives a person to repeatedly drink is nothing but a thought process over which there is no control.

The thought process repeatedly occurs in the brain driving the person to fix a drink. The person is unable to get over the physical compulsion and craving to have a drink. Since man does not consciously put the thought in his mind, he is not able to control the effect and feels the only way to get the thought out is to do what his mind says.

The most difficult part of all this is that most of the times, the alcoholic does not even know the thought is there hidden in his mind surfacing repeatedly. He is not able to understand what is driving him towards this undesirable habit. This is why even if an alcoholic genuinely puts in effort to stop drinking and wants to give up the habit he is not able to do so without professional help.

One important fact to be noticed is that alcoholism as a disease progresses very fast without the person’s knowledge. The fact that one or two drinks satisfies his or her craving may soon sub consciously increase to six or seven drinks and worsening further to even ten or twelve drinks. By the time the person realizes it is usually too late. The drinking stops only if the person passes out. By this time alcohol has wholly and completely taken over his or her life.

Rehabilitation and help is in the hands of the affected person. If he is mentally prepared to come out of the obsession, he can approach one of the innumerable help centres. If he needs help but is not willing to take it, then intervention is the only alternative.

Medical Implications of Alcohol Dependence

Apart from social and psychological consequences, alcohol dependence leads to a lot of physical health problems. Liver is the most commonly affected organ. Apart from this, alcohol creates problem related to the skin, permanent impotence, appetite loss, vitamin deficiencies, damage of central nervous system, etc.

Alcohol has a significant effect on the functioning of the brain. Consumption of alcohol depresses the central nervous system. With increased consumption, the motor skills get affected and actions start becoming clumsy. Alcohol dependence affects the behavioural pattern of the individual to a great extent. Very acute and prolonged drinking can actually cause damage to the brain.

Positive effects include the decrease in cardiovascular disease due to moderate drinking. This fact has been proved beyond doubt. Especially, the risk of heart related diseases decrease tremendously if alcohol especially red wine is consumed moderately over a period of time.

This is due to the existence of certain polyphenol antioxidants present in red wines which favours the health of the heart. Other benefits of moderate alcohol consumption includes an increase in the HDL or cholesterol which is good for the health, decrease in blood clotting or thrombosis, reduced spasm of artery related to stress, increases the flow of blood in the coronary, increases the sensitivity of insulin, etc.

Moderate drinking also has a positive impact on the progress of coronary heart disease. It actually decreases the risk of CHD. Moderate indicates not more than one or two drinks a day. Moderate drinking has similar positive effects on coronary vascular disease or angina pectoris and also on patients who are on their way to recovery after coronary stenting.

Similarly, moderate drinking has proven to be an aid in the reduction of heart attacks or strokes or even in a person who is recovering from an attack. Alcohol abuse on the other hand increases the risk of a stroke or a heart attack. Even one drink a week has shown significant results.

Genes and Alcoholism

According to psychiatrists, genes play an important role in the development of alcoholism. Certain body and brain processes and the way they interact with each other and with the person’s experiences in life determine his vulnerability towards this habit or protection from it. Certain genes related to alcoholism have also been identified.

Extensive research has shown that a variation of the dopamine receptor genes in humans creates a tendency towards opiates and endorphin releasing drugs and alcohol.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA is another inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain said to be associated with alcoholism. Studies have shown that a certain enzyme called glutamate decarboxylase or GAD plays a major role as a synthesizer of this GABA.

GABA plays the role of reducing the excitement causing neuro activities in the brain thereby giving a stable and sedate feeling. Alcohol consumption has shown to increase the level of GABA providing a sedate and numb feeling to the drinker.

As one starts consuming alcohol more and more, the counter mechanism that sets in reduces the GABA production thereby forcing the drinker to increase his alcohol consumption. According to researchers, genetic background plays a major role in instigating a person towards alcoholism. This happens when there is a creation of physical and psychological memories in a person creating a craving for alcohol in the body.

Research is being done on an extensive basis to determine the extent or role played by GABA in making a person alcohol dependent. As of now there is no conclusive explanation for this theory.

Alternative Treatment for Alcohol Abuse

Alternative treatment for alcoholism has gained in popularity in recent times. This treatment method involves combining both traditional and modern scientific methods of treatment for specific symptoms.

As opposed to treatment of other diseases alcoholism should be treated with extra care. Effort must be taken to create an environment which is free of stress, where the alcoholic must be placed for treatment.

Various rehabilitation centres around the world provide treatment targeting the whole life of the person in question rather than just the symptoms. This involves identifying the root cause of the addiction and eradicating the same.

Detox centres have therapeutic sessions where the patient is gently guided to open up his fears and concerns at the deepest level. This helps in identifying the root cause of the habit. A positive treatment plan is then worked out enabling the patient to come out of his habit and proceed towards leading a happy and healthy life.

Alcoholism can result from depression. In such cases treatment must involve a more intensive working on the mind of the person. Psycho therapeutic treatment programs are organized for these people which are an effective alternative treatment for this condition. This treatment works both at the addictive and emotional level of the patient.

Treatment at these centres also work on the family members of the patient. It is very important to educate the family on the treatment methods adopted and explain in detail about various negative approaches by them that could end in the relapse of this habit. The de addiction centres usually take the family members into confidence and treatment is provided with their support and assistance.

Spiritual guidance as a treatment option for the condition of alcoholism is also gaining in popularity. Spiritual belief can act as a major motivation for a person to give up his habit of drinking. Various meditation techniques taught by spiritual leaders of various organizations go a long way in helping addicts overcome stress and attain peace of mind thereby making it easier for them to give up their habit and start leading a peaceful and tranquil life.

Techniques include yoga, various types of meditations and trance. Meditation helps a person focus inwards thereby making the person drop his mind and become stress free and relaxed. When the person is happy and content with himself, he is no more affected by anything happening around him and he no longer needs anything addictive to feel happy, relaxed and peaceful.

A lot of people are going in for this kind of programs as they feel that meditation is any day better than medication. While medication is temporary, meditation gives one a permanent solution.

Trance work is also something similar to meditation. This helps the person focus his mind on contemplating deeper truths and provides the addict with great inner strength to help him overcome his temptations with relative ease.

Yoga which is very popular today is another effective treatment method for the condition of alcoholism. Yoga helps in effectively reducing stress and tension in a person and relieves him of anxiety. Yoga focuses on gentle stretching and brings about an effective harmony between the body and the mind.

Another alternative treatment which has been found to be effective is called the nutritional counselling. A lot of deficiencies related to nutrition arise due to excessive consumption of alcohol.

The body of alcoholic stops absorbing essential nutrients which helps the person in being healthy as his small intestine is no longer able to absorb the nutrients necessary. This is a consequence of filling up the system with alcoholic beverage.

Nutritional counselling can help after a person gives up the habit of drinking. Usually, he or she is evaluated for counselling and is advised on the diet to follow in order to get back to a healthy and strong life. This includes the balancing of the sugar level in the blood of the person who is on the road to recovery.

One more effective alternative treatment includes acupuncture. This has proved to be successful in many cases. Acupuncturists advise patients to take this as a support treatment along with other treatments.

Thursday, May 1, 2008

The Pros and Cons of Cosmetic Surgery

Have you recently decided that you would like to undergo cosmetic surgery? Whether you are looking to get a tummy tuck, a facelift, or a breast reduction, have you already made your appointment? If this is a step that you have yet to take, you may first want to reexamine your decision. Cosmetic surgery is a big step. Before you move forward, it is important that you examine the pros and cons of going under the knife.

One of the many reasons why cosmetic surgery is so popular is because it has a number of pros or plus sides. For starters, cosmetic surgery can help to improve your appearance. Cosmetic surgery is different than reconstructive surgery and many other lifesaving surgeries, because it is optional. Those who undergo cosmetic surgery are usually just looking to improve their appearance. As nice as it is to look attractive, it is also important to note that you will likely see an improvement in your self-confidence, as well as your self-esteem.

As previously stated, most individuals undergo cosmetic surgery to improve their physical appearance. While this is true, some other individuals do so for their health. Are you overweight or even obese? If you are, cosmetic surgery may actually help to save your life or at least reduce your risk of other health complications, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Those who are obese are urged to examine the Lapband surgery and gastric bypass surgery. Those who are slightly overweight, but not yet obese, are urged to examine liposuction.

Another pro or plus side to undergoing cosmetic surgery is that it is a convenient option. Yes, you must go into the doctor’s office, your procedure may take a few hours, and you may need a few days to recover, but the results are still pretty quick and convenient. For example, if you were looking to remove the excess fat from your arms and thighs, you could spend months or even a year trying to lose the weight through exercise. On the other hand, liposuction will give you the results you wanted, but right away.

Despite the fact that there are a number of pros or plus sides to undergoing cosmetic surgery, it is also important to examine the cons or downsides of it as well. For starters, cosmetic surgery can be costly. The cost will depend on the procedure. A full surgical facelift will cost more money than simply just having a mole removed or the treatment of a stretch mark. Unfortunately, not all health insurance providers cover the cost of cosmetic procedures. In fact, most don’t. This means that you will likely be responsible for paying the full cost of your surgery.

Another con or downside to undergoing cosmetic surgery is the risks and dangers that are involved. Side effects, which most often include slight pain and discomfort, are common with most surgical procedures. All surgical procedures, no matter what they are, do have risks. There are no guarantees that you will get the results that you were looking for.

Finally, it is important to examine the recovery process. For many patients, this can be the hardest part. Liposuction was sited as an example above. This surgical procedure is one that has the strictest rules in the recovery process. In addition to letting your body heal, you also need to start eating healthy and exercising. Do you think that you can do so? If not, cosmetic surgery may not be right for you.

As you can see, there are both a number of pros and cons to undergoing cosmetic surgery. Before you decide to move forward, be sure to thoroughly examine these pros and cons. If you have any additional questions, contact your local cosmetic surgeon or surgical center. In fact, you are urged to first schedule a consultation appointment. Information provided by an experienced cosmetic surgeon can help you reaffirm your decision to go under the knife.


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Is Cosmetic Surgery Right for You?

Is cosmetic surgery something that has been on your mind? If might be if you have an imperfection, like excess fat, excess skin, or wrinkles, that you want to fix. As great as cosmetic surgery is, it isn’t something that is right for everyone. So, is cosmetic surgery right for you?

The first step in determining if cosmetic surgery is right for you is by examining the cost. Can you afford it? Unless you are going in for reconstructive surgery, like to repair a serious burn or serious cuts and scrapes from an accident, your health insurance provider may not cover the costs. With that said, be sure to check. There are a small number of cosmetic procedures, such as breast reduction surgery, that are occasionally covered and possibly in full. On the back of your health insurance card, there should be a phone number. Call that number and make an inquiry.

Another sign that cosmetic surgery may be right for you is if you are looking to improve your health. Although many individuals opt for cosmetic surgery to only improve their appearance, there are some exceptions. Liposuction and gastric bypass surgery can be used to help you achieve your weight loss goals. Typically, liposuction isn’t considered a weight loss plan, like gastric bypass surgery, as you only have around five to ten pounds of fat removed from your problem areas. If you opt for gastric bypass surgery or another similar procedure, you can reduce your risk of heart complications, diabetes, and high blood pressure.

Cosmetic surgery may also be right for you if you don’t feel that you have any other options. As it was previously stated, liposuction is ideal for those who have a little bit of extra weight and fat that they would like to have removed. If you have tried eating healthy and exercising, you may not feel like you don’t have any options left. The same can be said for slowing the signs of aging. If you have tried numerous over-the-counter products to reduce or eliminate your wrinkles and you haven’t seen success, you may see a surgical facelift as your only option. In these instances, cosmetic surgery is usually best.

In keeping with limited options, it is also important to examine that hopelessness you may be feeling. As previously stated, cosmetic surgery is often used to improve one’s physical appearance. While you may be told that beauty is more than just your physical appearance, it may have a negative impact on your life. Those who are down or feel like they don’t have any other options are likely to suffer from depression, low self-esteem, and have a poor sense of self-confidence. If you are feeling this way, cosmetic surgery is something that is worth looking into.

Perhaps, the most important point to take into consideration is the recovery process. Depending on the cosmetic procedure you undergo, recovery can take a few hours to a few weeks. Be sure to determine this time frame ahead of time. Also, what steps will you need to take to care for yourself? If you undergo a surgical facelift, moisturize or antibiotic cream may need to be applied multiple times a day. Can you remember to do so? If not, cosmetic surgery may not be right for you, as the recovery process can be just as important as the surgery itself.

As a recap, cosmetic surgery is not right for everyone. With that said, if you are looking to improve your self-confidence, your health, and if you can afford the cost of cosmetic surgery, it may be right for you. To see if you are an ideal candidate, contact one of your local cosmetic surgery centers or a surgeon who runs their own private practice. You will want to schedule a consultation appointment. If you are an ideal candidate for surgery, you should get all of the information you need. This information should include a detailed explanation of the procedure, the recovery process, and the total cost.

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Ten Warning Signs of Alcoholism

Ten warning signs of alcoholism tell you the condition of those near and dear ones who may be suffering from alcoholism. Society has been suffering from the ill effects of alcoholism for quiet some time; even with all our modern technology we have not been able to rid the society of this addiction.

To help us diagnose an alcoholic there are ten warning signs of alcoholism, these give us a general idea of the signs and symptoms of a chronic alcoholic. The sign that sets an alcoholic apart from a social drinker is drinking in isolation, when one begins to drink alone it must be taken as a sign of alcoholism. Drinking alone indicates the need of the body for alcohol. It is a known fact that the amount of alcohol needed to bring on the desired effect of euphoria goes on increasing with its abuse.

The most important of the ten warning signs of alcoholism is lying about your drinking, guilt makes one lie about the amount of alcohol consumed. Since the next sign amongst the ten warning signs of alcoholism is increased consumption, lying and increased consumption go hand in hand. The alcoholic gets offended when questioned about his drinking; this is one of the common causes of anger and violence.

Then come some of the serious signs like consuming much more than your friends, needing a drink first thing in the morning and consuming more and more amounts of alcohol. When an addict needs a drink first thing in the morning his body is going into withdrawal unless he consumes alcohol after a specific time gap. This is a very serious sign of chronic alcoholism and needs immediate intervention to prevent further damage.

This is followed by those signs which can be dangerous to the addict like blackouts, drinking during or after work to cope with stress and fights or falls when drunk. Most cases of drunk driving mishaps happen when the person momentarily blacks out during driving or when his reaction time is greatly reduced. When reaction time is reduced the alcoholic cannot react fast to any situation causing accidents.

The last but most important sign is your loved ones telling you to cut down on your drinking; these are the most important people in your life. When they begin to suffer because of your drinking, life gets worse since domestic fights increase stress levels leading to more drinking. Emotional support from loved ones is very important at this stage; if there is hostility at home it drives the alcoholic towards the bottle for support.

When an alcoholic is suffering from even one of these ten signs he needs treatment, like detoxification and psychiatric help. Counselling is an important part of de-addiction treatment, support and understanding help an addict get over his need for alcohol.

Signs like blackouts can have dangerous consequences, like driving accidents and falls. Fights during the drunken state can land one behind bars, to avoid all these complications its best to recognise the ten waring signs of alcoholism on time and take action.

Nexium Alcohoilsm

Alcoholism is a serious problem in United States nowadays. The percentage of people suffering from alcoholism is increasing day by day. Therefore, treatment for such problems becomes essential. Nexium alcoholism is an integrative medicine available in capsule form normally. This medicine is approved to treat Gastro esophageal reflux disease. This is also known as acid reflux. This is a condition in which acid in stomach rehearses into esophagus. Nexium helps in reducing the side effects of alcoholism like acid reflux disorders.

Nexium provides you more information on alcoholism. It states that a significant percentage of Americans have the problem of alcoholism. Such people have shown symptoms like hypertension also. Nexium helps to reduce the symptoms of hypertension. The drug is also available in injection form.

Nexium alcoholism treats some of the side effects. The affected person is required to take a pill regularly until the symptoms have been vanished. You can get cheap nexium alcoholism medicines in online. These online stores are approved United States licensed pharmacies and they offer nexium medicines at comparatively low prices. However ensure that the stores are approved by FDA. These stores help you to save your money.

Nexium alcoholism treats the heart burn symptoms resulting due to excessive consumption of alcohol. Nexium prescription will reduce the severity of such symptoms. However prolonged use of his medicine is not advisable. In fact nexium pills show better relief from gastro esophageal reflux diseases (GERD) only.

As alcoholism is becoming a serious problem, medicines and treatments have been discovered now which will reduce the side effects of alcoholism however in the initial stage only. Late stage alcoholism does not have any treatment. Makers of Nexium provide some treatment ways to alcoholic abuse. This will help many clinicians to find valuable resources to treat alcoholic patients.